Material and Waste Flow Analysis for Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment of Inorganic Acid Leaching Routes for Spent Lithium Batteries’ Cathode Scraps

With the development trend and technological progress of lithium batteries, battery market is booming. This means that demand for batteries has increased significantly, resulting in a large number discarded batteries. The consumption plenty may lead to scarcity expending relevant raw material metal resources, as well serious heavy environmental pollution. Therefore, it great significance recycle valuable resources from proper recycling these metals can reduce shortage mineral hazards caused by scrapped vehicle Recently, different systematic approaches have been developed spent recovery. However, most do not account hidden costs incurred various processing steps. work determined concept flow cost accounting (MFCA). Hence, this research, MFCA-based approach leaching process recovery, taking into consideration embedded streams. In study, hydrochloric acid had worst efficiency due its high solid-to-liquid ratio lowest concentration, so was excluded first stage selection. It takes TWD 16.03 24.10 leach 10 g powder with sulfuric nitric acid, respectively. final solution highest relatively low among inorganic acids.